UPDATE: AN UPDATE IN CRITICAL TRAUMA DISEASE Epidemiology of severe trauma
نویسندگان
چکیده
Major injury is the sixth leading cause of death worldwide. Among those under 35 years of age, it is the leading cause of death and disability. Traffic accidents alone are the main cause, fundamentally in low-and middle-income countries. Patients over 65 years of age are an increasingly affected group. For similar levels of injury, these patients have twice the mortality rate of young individuals, due to the existence of important comorbidities and associated treatments, and are more likely to die of medical complications late during hospital admission. No worldwide, standardized definitions exist for documenting, reporting and comparing data on severely injured trauma patients. The most common trauma scores are the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS), the Injury Severity Score (ISS) and the Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS). Documenting the burden of injury also requires evaluation of the impact of post-trauma impairments, disabilities and handicaps. Trauma epidemiology helps define health service and research priorities, contributes to identify disadvantaged groups, and also facilitates the elaboration of comparable measures for outcome predictions. Epidemiología del trauma grave Resumen El trauma grave es la sexta causa de muerte y la quinta de discapacidad en el mundo. En los menores de 35 años es la primera causa de muerte y discapacidad. Los accidentes de tráfico son los principales responsables en los países de ingresos medios-bajos, que son los más poblados. Documento descargado de http://www.medintensiva.org el 01/04/2017. Copia para uso personal, se prohíbe la transmisión de este documento por cualquier medio o formato. Los pacientes mayores de 65 años son una cohorte creciente. Para niveles lesionales simi-lares tienen el doble de mortalidad que los jóvenes, debido a su elevada comorbilidad y los tratamientos asociados. No existen globalmente definiciones estandarizadas para documentar, informar y comparar datos en los traumatizados graves. Los más utilizados son el Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS), el Injury Severity Score (ISS) y el Trauma and Injury Severity score (TRISS). Las herramientas para la evaluación de la discapacidad postraumática deben mejorarse. Los estudios epidemiológicos son fundamentales para evaluar el impacto en la salud pública, mejorar las estrategias preventivas y evaluar las terapéuticas.
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